Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman Dissimilar Poets...

Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman both were American poets who lived in the 19th century who strayed from the traditional style of writing poetry and formed their own individual style of writing which became the unique American style of poetry. Their lifestyles and writing styles were extremely different, as they shared little in common. The dissimilarities in these two poets are in the way they composed their poems and possibly in the content of the poems. Whitman established a unique style in the form of using free verse and Dickinson in her peculiar use of punctuation to establish her unique style of poetry. Walt Whitman’s poems were written in free verse and very lengthy; Song of Myself is over thirteen thousand lines long and has 52†¦show more content†¦He takes her for a ride in a carriage. She enjoys the ride and speaks about what she sees along the ride which is nothing unusually from any ride. As evening approaches she gets cold because she was not prepared for her date and is not dressed properly. Their designation is her grave. Then the reader realizes she has been dead for centuries. It appears she is just making the passage to the afterlife. Notice the odd capitalization of several of the words: Death, Immortality, School, Children, Recess, Ring, Fields of Grazing Grain, Setting Sun, Glossamer, Gown, Dews, Tippet, Tulle, House, Swelling, Ground, Road, Cornice, Centuries, Day, Horses Heads and Eternity. Capitalization seems to personify some of the words such as immortality, fields of grazing grain, setting sun, gown and immortality. The capitalization a lso emphasizes some of the words. Emily Dickinson used imagery in poem so the reader could have a mental picture of what she was saying as she describes them moving slowing and then provides graphic details about what in seen along the ride. Examples of this are the children, the school, the sunset and chill few from the dew. Walt Whitman

Holocaust, The Rwandan Genocide And The Asian Genocide

Psychology Behind Genocides â€Å"How fortunate for governments that the people they administer don’t think† (Hitler, Mein Kampf). As time passed, there has been many times in history where a genocide has occurred. A genocide is a one-sided massacre from one party toward an ethnic or different group of people. As genocides occurred, questions such as â€Å"Why do people kill?† and â€Å"How can people allow these atrocities to occur?† are asked. There have been many theories made up as people researched the reason behind genocides. Throughout different centuries in history, genocides such as the Holocaust, the Rwandan genocide, and the Asian genocide, have occurred because of the negative psychological effects on the people caused by propaganda, corrupted leaders, and differences in ethnic groups. First of all, propaganda initiated brainwashing, indoctrination, and distortion in the people, causing them to allow the genocides to occur. One example is shown in the Holocaust. The Holocaust was a mass extermination of the Jews and others, led by Hitler and the Nazis from 1933 to 1945. Before the Holocaust occurred, propaganda was the main cause that influenced many Germans to agree with getting rid of the Jews. They were brainwashed into thinking that Jews were evil and should be erased from their country. In Night, a documentary by Elie Wiesel, Wiesel states, â€Å"The gypsy looked him up and down slowly, from head to front. As if he wanted to convince himself that this man addressing him wasShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Ignorance By Developed Nations On The Rwandan Genocide Essay3138 Words   |  13 PagesNATIONS ON THE RWANDAN GENOCIDE A Study in History, Lee Ann Yates, Advisor By Sheetal Chakka 00837-0097 13 August 2015 Sheetal Chakka Lee Ann Yates IB Extended Essay 13 August 2015 The Effect of Ignorance by Developed Nations on the Rwandan Genocide The year 1994. A poor, east African country. A fractured government entering a period of drastic turmoil. It was truly the perfect, ideal setting for the biggest genocide in history since that of World War II, the Rwandan Genocide. Much of theRead More Rwanda: Genocide and Refugee Crisis Essay example3469 Words   |  14 Pagesof extremists, 800,000 men, women, and children gone because of a more serious problem rooted in social prejudice and inequality, 800,000 killed in a genocide that the world could do nothing about until it was too late. Almost 50 years after the world pledged to never let anything like the holocaust occur again, the world had to watch as a genocide unfolded in Rwanda. Between April of 1994 and July of 1994 some 800,000 Tutsi and moderate Hutus were systematically killed as Rwanda fell into politicalRead MoreTo what extent should we embrace nationalism? To what extent has nationalism been positive throughout the world?1807 Words   |  8 Pagesneed of ethni c cleansing, and that the Nazis should not consist of any non-nationalist loyalties or cultural pluralism. He labeled the Jews as foreigners who invaded their economy and took away jobs. The Nazis created a Jewish genocide, also referred to as the Holocaust. Over six million Jews were brutally murdered by the German Nazis. They were shot, stabbed, beat up and sent to concentration camps. All survivors were forced to go into hiding. By 1945 only one third of the Jewish population wasRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesthe nuclear nations’ quest for viable, stable sources of uranium and sites for testing nuclear devices in locales as disparate as French Polynesia, Niger, Gabon, and the Belgian Congo. Having had the good fortune to escape the global nuclear holocaust that was once widely accepted as inevitable if not imminent, humanity came to recognize, albeit more gradually, a second threat to global survival in the last years of the century—accelerated climate change brought on by the release of ever-increasing

Existence of Hunger Issues in Africa for Mothers- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theExistence of Hunger Issues in Africa for Recent Mothers. Answer: Summary Gates (2018) in his article on the existence of the hunger issues in Africa had mentioned that the malnutrition had affected the children who had been residing in the country. The malnutrition faced by the children had resulted in conditions wherein the actual age of the children could not be guessed. The author states that the government should lay more stress on the quality of the food that is accessible by the common people of the country especially the pregnant women and the recent mothers. Response The two articles that have been studied in this case majorly focusses on the hunger issues that have been affecting the residents of many countries all around the world. The authors of the articles tend to put forth many suggestions so as to help in the eradication of the various issues related to the hunger and the malnutrition of the concerned residents of the country, especially the children and the pregnant ladies who might be found to have been lacking the nutrition that they should receive in order to remain healthy. Gates (2018) in his article argues that the concerned governmental authorities might need to emphasize on the conduction of the researches that deal with the quality of the food that is provided to the masses that have been residing in the concerned country. The researchers are advised to focus majorly on the quality of the food that is to be provided and the ways and means that are used to make them available to the concerned members and residents of the society. On the contrary, Wario (2018) argues that the distribution of the food and nutritional elements might be made easily available to the target members of the country, especially the children, the pregnant ladies and the ladies who have recently given birth to their children. The article suggests that this might help in the eradication of the existent malnutritional issues. The nutrition that is availed by pregnant ladies globally needs to be very high in the nutritional value and thus the governmental bodies all over the world are advised to pay special attention to the food that is accessible and recommended to these members of the society in order to maintain the fatality rate of the fetuses and the various medical issues that might trouble the concerned ladies. References Gates, B. (2018).Why Does Hunger Still Exist in Africa?.gatesnotes.com. Retrieved 13 April 2018, from https://www.gatesnotes.com/Development/Why-Does-Hunger-Still-Exist-Africas-Table-Day-One Wario, H. (2018).Kenya: Technology is Key to Ending Hunger.AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 13 April 2018, from https://allafrica.com/stories/201108110095.html

Practice Model free essay sample

The Mayo Clinic Model of Care (MCMC) is the professional practice model of care chosen for this assignment. The Mayo Clinic drives healthcare change by providing holistic and compassionate care to their patients by using education, research, patient-centered care and evidence-based practice. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the MCMC and how this model of care is a positive influence to healthcare. A professional practice model (PPM) is implemented in healthcare organizations to foster professional identity, job satisfaction, high quality nursing care, improved patient and family outcomes and communication (Mullen and Asher, 2007). The Mayo Clinic Model of Care is one PPM with a positive and influential reputation for healthcare. The MCMC sets high standards for their healthcare team and provides patients with optimal outcomes. The MCMC embraces two important core elements, patient and environment, to define their model. They sets themselves apart and influence other organizations by being an institute that provides quality patient care with compassion, trust and respect to every patient. We will write a custom essay sample on Practice Model or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They encompass an environment of patience, research and education, quality not quantity, physician leadership and professional staff with expertise and devotion (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2002). The MCMC takes pride in employing professionals of high quality and providing them with an environment of research, learning and development. As healthcare changes, the MCMC adjusts by encouraging their staff to practice evidence-based practice. They do this through the Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MCHS PBRN) whose mission is to â€Å"solve the problems of health care practice to improve the health and health equity of patients and communities,† (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2013). Evidence based practice allows hospitals to provide the most up to date and clinically effective care possible. According to Huston, (2010) the ultimate goal of evidence based practice is â€Å"to provide optimal patient care, with the goal of enhancing nursing practice and, in turn, improving patient or system outcomes. † This is what the MCMC strives to accomplish every day with every patient. Influence of MCMC on Change in Health Care Healthcare is an ever-changing world. Facilities are continuously making changes and adjusting to technology, best practice and professional images. The MCMC influences change in healthcare systems by supporting education, research, evidence based practice and patient centered care. Mayo Clinic stays current on medical advances by having consultants travel around the world to teach and learn (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2002). This was also how the MCMC began. The Mayo Clinic is committed to education. They sustain that commitment through education programs: The Mayo Medical School, Mayo Graduate School of Medicine, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo School of Health-Related Sciences and Mayo School of Continuing Medical Education (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2002). The Mayo Clinic is supported by the highly skilled and educated staff that they employ. The positive outcomes and patient satisfaction that come from the Mayo Clinic has influenced other facilities to provide ongoing education for their staff, some requiring nurses with a bachelor’s degree as entry level, and provide their patients with the latest and best care. In 2011, the Mayo Clinic opened a healthcare delivery center that allows clinicians and researchers to evaluate best practices for a variety of healthcare services (Ford, 2011). With this center, they hope to conduct research and provide treatments that are more personal and specific to their patient’s diagnosis. Other facilities are beginning to rely more on research and evidence-based practice to provide their patients with individualized and personalized care. Sackett (as cited in Mason, Leavitt, and Chaffee, 2012) recognizes one of the most often cited definitions of evidence-based practice as â€Å"the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of the current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. † The MCMC’s primary focus is meeting the specific needs of the patient. The patient-centered care focus is also evolving in the health care industry and was actually developed as a model to the response of the national health care reform following the March 2010 passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Act (Berryman, Palmer, Kohl and Parham, 2013). This idea allows the patient to have more control over their care, be more involved in their care and the diagnostic tests they receive. This results in enhanced satisfaction and greater cost savings. MCMC wants to focus on the big picture and the entire healthcare journey which engages both the physician and the patient on the decision making. Summary The Mayo Clinic Model of Care has served as an influence and inspiration to the healthcare organization for many years. The care and patient satisfaction from the Mayo Clinic has historically been one of the best available. Many healthcare organizations follow the MCMC and reach for the reputation and quality that it poses. The MCMC takes pride in its organization and makes the patient top priority in every aspect. The care they receive is specific to their needs and is delivered by highly skilled, educated professionals.

Absolutism Essay Example

Absolutism Essay Example Absolutism Essay Absolutism Essay World History II Age of Absolutism Pros and Cons to Absolutism Directions: Complete the graphic organizer found on my aboard and email your response to me or turn in for full credit. Answers also must be supported with specific, accurate and relevant evidence to receive full credit. With this task now complete, do you feel that absolute rule is the right way to run a country during this time, or does it Just not work and only leads to more lasting problems? Respond with Just a one paragraph response, focusing on either the pros or cons that were in the graphic organizer Response: An absolute rule is the worst form of government during this time. The cons certainly outweigh the pros and it is possible the country may be destroyed because of one single ruler. An absolute ruler is given a profuse amount of power and has many decisions to make. He is solely responsible for a large mass of people. Too much power may go to the persons head, setting the country up for disaster. The people have very little say in all aspects of the country. They most likely will not be able to practice the religion they want nor vote on any legislative acts. In this case, an unfair punishment may be placed upon someone that is accused of a crime that he or she has not even committed. The ruler may also favor a certain group of people making everyone unequal in the country. Overall an absolute ruler can change a country for the negative in many ways.

Metre, Meter, and Mete

Metre, Meter, and Mete Metre, Meter, and Mete Metre, Meter, and Mete By Maeve Maddox Numerous readers wrote to correct me regarding the following entry in my post about commonly confused words that begin with M: 5. meter / metre Both words are nouns. A  meter  is a measuring device, like a gas meter.  Metre  is a metric unit or a type of rhythm in verse. American speakers wrote to point out that the standard US spelling for the metric unit is meter, never metre. Speakers from the UK and Canada wrote to tell me that they never have occasion to write meter, only metre. So, how inaccurate is my meter/metre entry? Regarding standard British usage, it is completely accurate. Regarding standard American usage, it fails on two counts: 1. It fails to mention that meter is the standard US spelling for the metric unit. 2. It does not mention the fact that meter has also become acceptable US spelling for the word that refers to the rhythmic structure of a verse. Apologies to my American readers are therefore in order. Meter, it is, for all three meanings. As for devices that measure such things as gas and electricity, the spelling meter is standard in British usage. Both words, metre and meter, have their remote origins in an Indo-European word for measure. The English word metre in the sense of poetic rhythm was already in use during the Old English period. The original Latin word, metrum, could mean â€Å"poetic measure† or â€Å"a vessel or other object used for measuring.† The word metre in the sense of â€Å"a metric unit† entered English from French mà ¨tre in 1797, two years after the metric system was formally defined in French law.    The noun meter in the sense of â€Å"a mechanical measuring device† was introduced in the nineteenth century by the inventor of a gas meter. His use of the word had nothing to do with metre in either the sense of poetic rhythm or the metric system. The meter in â€Å"gas meter† derives from the English verb to mete (â€Å"to measure†), a verb that has existed in English since Old English times. Before the inventor used meter in the context of his mechanism, the occupational term meter existed for a person whose job was to measure things. The verb mete survives in current usage with the meanings â€Å"to apportion† or â€Å"to deal out.† It is usually used with the particle out. Here are examples of recent usage: Pfeffer says powerful people do certain things to advance their own agendas. One of these is to mete out resources. The criticism  meted out  by the press is always the first thing that people hear.    The Government is planning to bolster her impact by granting her the ability to mete out financial penalties. A new way to mete out discipline in schools? Kurds Likely to Mete Out Severe Justice The following use of mete in the King James translation of the Bible may be the reason that the verb is often associated with justice and punishment: For with what judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged; and with what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again.- Matthew 7:2. Bottom line American usage recognizes the spelling meter for the metric unit, the rhythmic structure, and the measuring apparatus. British usage recognizes two spellings: metre for verse and metric units; meter for an apparatus that automatically measures the quantity of something passing through it. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:70 Idioms with Heart7 Patterns of Sentence StructureHow to Style Legislative Terms

Business accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business accounting - Essay Example Financial ratio analysis enables decision makers to uncover trends in business performance and compare different business organizations (Keown, et. al 2005). It should be noted that these ratios are classified according to the aspects that they measure including profitability, liquidity, efficiency, solvency, and investor ratios. Considering that the business organization under consideration is considered small and medium business organization, this report will focus only on profitability, liquidity, and efficiency. In terms of liquidity, the current ratio and the acid-test ratio will be utilized. At first look, the Northern Branch displays a slightly higher level of liquidity with its current ratio of 1.060. Should all of its current liabilities become due immediately, The Southern Branch will only be able to pay off 99.6% with its current assets. However, the acid test ratio shows that most of the Northern Branch's most current assets are tied up in inventories. In fact, when inventory is deducted from the current assets, it will only yield an acid-test ratio of 0.34. On the other hand, the Southern Branch has much more liquid assets indicated by its acid test ratio of 0.54. In terms of efficiency, the following ratios will be considered: debtor's turnover; debtor days; creditor's turnover; creditor days; and stock turnovers which will be divided according to the main inventories namely, food and beverages. The Northern Branch has a lower debtor's turnover leading to higher debtor days which indicates the collection period of account receivables. During the fiscal year, the branch reports debtor's turnover of 9.30 and debtor days of 39.21. On the other hand, the Southern Branch appears to be more efficient in collecting its receivables with its debtor's turnover of 12.13 and debtor days of 30.08 days. It is also apparent that the Southern Branch is relatively better in servicing its short term creditors as indicated by its higher creditor turnover and lower creditor days. The branch's creditor's turnover reported is 6.09, far better than Northern Branch's 1.74. This is translated to creditor days of 59.85 (Southern Branch) which is very much faster than Northern Branch's payment period of 208.63 days. In terms of inventory management, the Northern Branch still lags behind the Southern Branch both in food and beverages. The Southern Branch's stock of food turns at an average of 17.24 annually and stays in the company's warehouse in a period of 21.17 days. On the other hand, the Northern Branch's turnover averages 5.66 times a year while stock days is 64.39. The same is true with beverages. While the Southern Branch has a turnover of 3.05 and stock days of 119.54, the Northern Branch is not able to sell its beverage stocks for the fiscal year. It stays in the company's warehouse for more than a year (593.39 days) before it is finally sold. To measure profitability, this report will look at the return of capital employed (ROCE), gross profits, and net profit. The Southern Branch reports higher ratios in all these categories. The branch has an ROCE 0.36 compared to the Northern Branch's 0.26. In terms of profit margins, the Southern Bra

Individual Reflection on Marketing Simulation Game Assignment - 1

Individual Reflection on Marketing Simulation Game - Assignment Example My part included taking care of the marketing plan to be able to evaluate and understand the market in which the company operates as well as its competitiveness in the industry. In this project, our main aim for my part of the project was to help us in assessing and understanding the competitiveness of MYPHONE Company. In addition, the simulation was also aimed at creating awareness about various resources such as finances, research and development, sales, as well as the costs for carrying out different marketing activities that were required by the company. The experience and the knowledge that were achieved from this simulation were intended to be used in sound decision making for the betterment of the growth of the company as far as its marketing sector is concerned. The simulation will also help to add more knowledge in the world of marketing in this company, which have not been realized. I was able to achieve the goals that this simulation intended to find out. This is because; the simulation looked both the internal and the external assessment of the company. Such analyses are very important in finding out which internal or external factors are responsible for the companys growth or barring the company from growing in the market. Such analyses were very helpful in unravelling what marketing strategies should be applied by the company to combat its unfavorable environmental factors and how the favorable factors can be turned into opportunities that can be exploited. MYPHONE was found to operate in a very competitive market. At least from the weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats of the company, it is easy to know the level of competitiveness of the company when compared to its competitors. It was easy to know the weaknesses of the company in order to make corresponding decisions and strategies that could be used to change the weaknesses into strengths. The strengths of the

Subhash Chandra Bose Essay Example for Free

Subhash Chandra Bose Essay Subhash Chandra Bose was born on January 23, 1897 at Cuttack, in Orissa. He was the sixth son of Janakinath and Prabhavati Bose. Subhash was an excellent student and after school joined the Presidency College, Calcutta, where he studied philosophy, a subject he was interest in. As a young boy Subhash felt neglected among his 8 siblings. At his English school he suffered under the discrimination faced by Indians which made him even sadder. He wanted to work for the poor but his father, had other ideas. He sent Subhash to England to appear for the Indian Civil Service. In July 1920, barely eight months later Subhash Chandra Bose appeared in the Civil Service Examination and passed it with distinction. But he didnt want to be a member of the bureaucracy and resigned from the service and returned to India. Back home, he participated in the freedom movement along with Deshbandhu C. R. Das. He was thrown into jail but that only made him more determined. Subhash joined the congress and rose to its Presidentship in 1938 a post he held for 2 years. In 1939, when the Second World War started Gandhiji and other leaders were against doing anything anti-Britain. But Subhash thought differently. He knew, for instance, that the fall of the Roman Empire had led to the freedom of its colonies. He decided to seek foreign help for his cause of freeing India. He was arrested and kept in his house under detention. On January 17, 1941, while everyone was asleep, Bose slipped out of his house into a waiting car. Disguised as a Muslim religious teacher, Bose managed to reach Peshawar two days later. Bose went to Italy, Germany and even Russia to seek help but without much use. Subash decided to organize Indians on his own. He landed in Singapore and grouped Indians there into the Indian National Army or the Azad Hind Fauj and declared himself the temporary leader of the free Indian government. Japan, Germany and Italy recognizied Subhashs government and the whole of India rejoiced. The INA marched to Andaman and Nicobar islands, liberating and renaming them as Shaheed and Swaraj islands. On March 18, 1944, it crossed the Burmese border and reached Manipur where free Indias banner was raised with the shouts of Jai Hind and Netaji Zindabad. But heavy rain prevented any further movement and the units had to fall back. Even then Netaji was determined. On August 17, 1945, he issued a Special Order to the INA which said that Delhi is still our goal. He then wanted to go to Russia to seek Soviet help to fight the British. But the ill-fated plane in which he was flying, crashed in Taipei on August 18, 1945, resulting in his death. Some people believe that Subhash Chandra Bose didnt die, that he faked his own crash to escape the British who wanted to arrest him. There were even reports of Bose living in Russia and other foreign countries, even some claims of having seen him as a sadhu, but none were ever proved and today his death in the plane crash is the accepted version.

Brazil :: essays research papers fc

In 1822, Brazil became a nation independent from Portugal. By far the largest and most populous country in South America, Brazil has overcome more than half a century of military government to pursue industrial and agricultural growth and development. With an abundance of natural resources and a large labor pool, Brazil became Latin America's leading economic power by the 1970’s. Brazil is located in Eastern South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean. It is slightly smaller than the U.S., with bordering countries Argentina, Bolivia, Columbia, French Guyana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela. It has many natural resources, including bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, platinum, tin, uranium, petroleum, hydropower, and timber. The climate is tropical in the north, but temperate in the south. The terrain consists of mostly flat to rolling lowlands, with some plains, hills, mountains, and a narrow coastal belt. In recent years, environmentalists have become increasingly concerned over the future of the Amazon region, where human life has threatened the world's largest intact rain forest. Brasilia is the capital and main source of modern industry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The total population in Brazil is 167,988,000. The population grows at a rate of 0.91%, with a life expectancy of 64 years for the total population; the female life expectancy is 67.73 years and the male is 58.96 years. The Brazilian people are very diverse. Three main ethnic groups exist in the country: Portuguese, Native American, and African. The Portuguese, Spanish and English languages are spoken throughout Brazil. However, Portuguese cultural influences remain strong, with Portuguese as the primary language and Roman Catholicism as the principal religion. The definition of literacy being those who are aged fifteen and older who can read and write, the literacy rate in Brazil is 83% for the entire population. Before 1930, the Brazilian economy was dominated by a number of agricultural and mineral products for export. The world economic depression of the 1930s encouraged the government to diversify the economy, particularly through industrialization. Consequently, the importance of agriculture and mining has fallen significantly. A major objective of Brazil's industrialization policy was to replace imported manufactures with Brazilian-made ones. It is now able to export goods such as iron ore, soybeans, footwear, and coffee. Its imports include machinery and equipment, chemical products, oil, and electricity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although Brazil traditionally has been an exporter of primary agricultural and mineral products, these now make up only 40 percent of overseas trade, with manufactured goods becoming the primary export.

Mobile ESPN response questions

(1)  Ã‚   Mobile ESPN’s launch into the wireless market was definitely the innovative, out-of-the-box idea that the marketing executives at ESPN are known for, and the principle behind it—one more way in which to deliver up-to-the-minute sports information to sports fans anywhere, anytime—was very much on the right track.   I think what Mobile ESPN suffered from the most was the fact that it was basically nothing more than a shadow service provider. Without having a wireless infrastructure of its own, Mobile ESPN found itself dependent on Sprint for all of the technological and logistical implementation of the product.   Whatever may or may not have been going on within Sprint internally, for Mobile ESPN to launch without any real autonomy of its own, completely dependent on its host carrier, and with no real knowledge or experience in the wireless world, Mobile ESPN was a good idea at a good time that was perhaps not thought through entirely.   Also, there is a lot to be said of consumers’ reluctance to switch wireless carriers due to high penalties, and many phones have Internet access which allow people to have access to ESPN’s website for that same up-to-the-minute information, making it unnecessary for them to have the special phone. (2)  Ã‚   When Mobile ESPN was launched, in order to attract a greater number of users it would have been helpful if they had offered a great deal of incentives for switching over to the Sprint service, host of Mobile ESPN. Perhaps they could have partnered up with Sprint and offered some sort of contract buy-out option, where they would pay for the pre-existing contract termination of new subscribers (at the cost of a 2-year agreement with Sprint and an astronomical cancellation penalty, to ensure that there would not be a great deal of money lost).   This is probably one of the biggest reasons why there wasn’t an initial mass attraction to the product because of the stringent rules of wireless carriers, and so to offer some incentive to attract these people and make it worth their time and money to make that switch would be beneficial. ESPN right now just needs to focus on its various television, print, and Internet presence for people to access its branded content, and really spend a great deal of time formulating a well-thought-out strategy to re-launch Mobile ESPN, something that not only appeals to the customers who want all sports all the time but who also want a great deal with wireless service. (3)  Ã‚   I don’t believe Mobile ESPN affected the image or brand of ESPN in either direction.   Presumably the 50,000 subscribers to Mobile ESPN were upset at the decision to cancel the program, but out of the millions of ESPN viewers that number is largely insignificant.   Mobile ESPN was simply an example of a company breeching into territory it wasn’t yet quite ready to break into—something which happens all the time, not all creative ideas are successful.   Because the presence of Mobile ESPN was so small, the repercussions of its failure simply could not be on a large scale. (4)  Ã‚   Honestly, I still believe Mobile ESPN was a great idea, just perhaps at the wrong time or poorly planned and executed.   If I worked with one of ESPN’s competitors, I would have viewed Mobile ESPN as a highly unique, creative, out-of-the-box idea that would be a threat to my own company, and demand from my Marketing team that they provide me with ideas as cutting-edge as that.   Despite its failure, Mobile ESPN is still a great example of how ESPN constantly strives to be on top, the best of the best, offering the most content with the most accessibility.   Mobile ESPN further demonstrated that, and as a competitor I would want to do something that would allow me to reach the same audience base.

Damage Control Strategy for Alumina

Alumina Incorporated is a $4Billion aluminum-making industry operating in eight countries with the United States of America as its base which also accounts for 70% of its sales. It is situated in the fringes of Lake Dira in the State of Erehwon. Five years ago, Alumina Incorporated was reported to be in violation of environmental discharge norms in a routine EPA compliance evaluation inspection. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentration in test samples was above the prescribed limit of 5milligrams per liter of all hydrocarbons.A clean-up was ordered by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), to which Alumina complied promptly. The subsequent environmental audit reported the violation as â€Å"corrected†. Barring this one incident, Alumina Inc. has enjoyed a good overall environmental record. Now, it is being accused by Kelly Bates, a 38-year-old single mother, of contaminating the waters of Lake Dira with carcinogenic effluents and that the alleged contaminate d water is the proximate cause of the leukemia Kelly Bates’ 10-year-old daughter. This accusation was made through the Erehwon Reporter, a local daily.Alumina’s reaction to control the damage caused by this accusation was to release a news story highlighting the efficacy of their system declaring that they use the best available technology for pollutant cleanup in compliance with the Clean Water Act. This strategy was suggested by Arthur Todd, the legal counsel for the company. This damage control strategy, at first blush, may seem to be too defensive as it is a direct counter to the accusation of Kelly Bates and is calculated to balance public opinion about the company. Even the Erehwon Reporter called this a defensive move in a double editorial.Despite the fact that this may be a defensive move, this is the proper way to handle an accusation made through the press—to counter it through the press also. The media can be your friend or foe during a disaster (Bake r, 2001). When charged for being defensive by the Erehwon Reporter, Alumina no longer used the press to counter the charge. Instead, it ignored the Erehwon Reporter editorial and went on to conduct an independent site study to check for new violations. This shows the company’s willingness to correct any mistake as soon as possible. And this also shows concern for the environment and for the populace.This is a value which is very appealing to people. And truly enough, the independent site study showed that the PAH levels are lower than the prescribed limit of 5milligrams per liter of all hydrocarbons. This gives the company, as well as a large portion of the residents of Erehwon, a lot of breathing space. This should also quell Kelly Bates’ accusation against the company for a while. However, after a short while, a study made by an American Scientific Society showed that the PAH levels in Lake Dira are high, in fact, 100times higher than pre-urban conditions.Although th e cause of this was found to be the heavy traffic in Erehwon, and not the aluminum-making industry, this finding still puts into question the independent site study made by Alumina on the PAH levels of Lake Dira because their results are not in harmony with each other. This development prompted Kelly Bates and the press to approach the EPA to get hold of a copy of the environmental audit report that documented Alumina’s violation of the Clean Water Act five years ago. They were claiming their rights as citizens to be informed of audits made by government agencies.Though they have such rights, the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) allows the company to withhold confidential information. The environmental audit report is considered confidential information which the company may refuse to reveal. However, Alumina agreed to release portions of it which pertain directly only to the violations discovered five years ago. This erases any air of arrogance on the part of the company an d shows their willingness to cooperate and desire to avoid any sensationalized dispute. And this is a proper way to handle this kind of situations. Statements should reflect concern, a call to action, and a move toward resolution.Baker suggests: provide as much information as possible. If your company has an involvement in the situation, admit it. The public can be very forgiving unless they perceive you're hiding something (id). Also, allowing only a partial release of the audit report kept the company from jeopardizing its business by keeping release of confidential information to a minimum. However, despite all the cooperation extended by the company, Kelly Bates still threatened to file her lawsuit. The company, seeking to avoid protracted litigation, sought an alternative dispute resolution to settle the case.It sought a third party mediator to settle the dispute and it was a success. They saved money by eliminating litigation expenses. The company’s settlement offer was in no way an admission of guilt. It was more of a money-saving device. The cost of the mediated settlement is a fraction of what Alumina would have spent to defend against Kelly Bates’ claims in court. Alumina’s Values The primary value displayed by Alumina in cases of crises is its willingness to comply and cooperate and correct its errors, if any. It has a humble approach towards dispute resolution.This value is shown by its immediate compliance with the Clean Water Act when it was audited five years ago. When Kelly Bates made an accusation, it made an independent site study of the lake. And this value was also shown when it was willing to allow a partial release of the audit report. The company never tried to hire a public relations officer or an image consultant. It did not turn to public relations firms to clean up their reputation rather than change environmentally damaging practices, as is the trend these days, even though the latter strategy is more costly (Be der, 1997). This is a noble trait.

The Impacts of Introducing an E-Commerce System to an Organisation Essay Example

The Impacts of Introducing an E The Impacts of Introducing an E-Commerce System to an Organisation Essay The Impacts of Introducing an E-Commerce System to an Organisation Essay The impacts of introducing an e-commerce system to the organisation are followed: Organisation can carry out their business without concerning about time and distance. Customer just can log in to organisation’s website whenever they wish to and purchase in single mouse click. Organisation eliminates processing errors; make it faster and convenient for the visitor. Organisation can sell their services/products directly to customers while cutting the costs of traditional retailing method. E. g. E-tailer does not have to spend so much on an expensive high street company. Organisation can reach much wider customers; which means organisation can sell their products/services worldwide rather than being limited to one place. Requires low running cost compare to introducing business on land based. Helps organisation to reduce the delivery time, labour cost and the cost incurred in various area such as document preparation, error detection and correction, reconciliation, mail preparation, telephone calling, supervision expenses etc. The risks of introducing an e-commerce system to an organisation: Risk to organisation information and intellectual property from internal staff and trading partners. It is difficult to control how sensitive information will be handled by third parties or contract workers. Hacker exploitation could cause errors in software applications design, technical implementation or system operation. System could be subject virus attack which may cause non-deliberate alteration on organisation images or web messages. Hence organisation will face embarrassment and damage to business reputation. Credit card payment fraud. Malicious attack from inside or outside the organisation. Technical failure or infrastructure failure which could put halt on the business. Organisation could lose customers hence revenue until system get back on running.

Life Under Hammurabis Rule in Ancient Babylonian Cities

Life Under Hammurabi's Rule in Ancient Babylonian Cities Babylonian cities during Hammurabis day were made up of royal compounds with palaces, gardens, cemeteries, and Mesopotamian temples known as ziggurats. Residential areas in cities such as Ur consisted of ordinary houses on winding streets, dotted with elite housing, shops, and shrines. Some of the cities were quite large, reaching their maximum size in the late 3rd or early 2nd millennium BCE. Ur, for example, measured 60 hectares in size during the Isin-Larsa period, with additional suburbs outside the city walls. Urs population at that time has been estimated at 12,000. Babylonia was a kingdom in ancient Mesopotamia, located to the west of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in present-day Iraq. Although famous in the West for its cultural advances- including the legal code of its greatest ruler, Hammurabi- the city of Babylon itself was of minor importance throughout much of Mesopotamian history. Far more significant was the city of Ur and its rivals (at various times) for regional power: Isin, Lagash, Larga, Nippur, and Kish. Ordinary and Elite Residences Ordinary houses in Babylon and Ur were house complexes rather like a Roman villa, consisting of a rectangular internal courtyard open to the air or partially roofed, surrounded by blocks of rooms opening up on to it. The streets were curving and generally unplanned. Cuneiform texts from the period tell us that private householders were responsible for taking care of the public streets and were at the risk of death for not doing so, but archaeologists have found trash deposits in those streets. Simple house plans without internal courtyards and single-roomed structures probably representing shops were scattered throughout the residential quarters. There were small shrines located at street crossings. The grandest houses at Ur were two stories high, with rooms around the central courtyard again open to the air. The walls facing the street were unadorned, but the internal walls were sometimes decorated. Some people were buried in the floors beneath the rooms, but there were separate cemetery areas as well. Palaces The palaces were, in comparison to even the grandest of regular houses, extraordinary. The Palace of Zimri-Lim at Ur was built of mud brick walls, preserved to heights as much as 4 meters (13 feet). It was a complex of over 260 rooms on the ground floor, with separate quarters for the receiving rooms and the kings residence. The palace covered an area of about 200 by 120 meters, or about 3 hectares (7 acres). The exterior walls were up to 4 meters in thickness and were protected with a coat of clay plaster. The main entrance to the palace lay off a paved street; it had two large courtyards, an antechamber and an audience hall thought to be the throne room. Surviving polychrome murals on Zimri-Lim show the events of the kings investiture. Near life-size statues of goddesses graced the courtyard. Below is a list of some of Babylonias most significant cities at the height of Hammurabis empire. Agade (Akkad): exact location between the Tigris and Euphrates is not known. They spoke Akkadian.BabylonEridu (Eridug/Urudug): Site of the temple of EnkiEshnunna: Located in the Diyala Valley, gateway to the kingdom of ElamKish: Symbolic center of northern MesopotamiaUr: Biblical home of the Hebrew forefather Abram, later AbrahamUruk: Seat of the legendary king GilgameshNippur: Symbolic center of southern MesopotamiaSippar: Sun-cult center on the banks of the EuphratesUmma: Rival to LagashLarsa: Another center of a sun cultAdab: A vassal of KishLagash: Especially ancient city and center of artistic developmentIsin: Important city to the Third Dynasty of Ur, ca. 2000 BCE, and thereafter

AQCI #4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

AQCI #4 - Essay Example This is influenced by the fact that cultural beliefs generate ones religious beliefs. Hall highlights representation as one of the most important inclusions in a culture†¦ †³Representation attaches language and sense to culture†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ³ (15). Representation is defined as a way in which a person may explain something meaningful to other people but in the same culture. This means that different cultures have different ways by which they perceive representation depending on factors such as language. Depending on one’s culture, they would represent something in different ways. However, there are basic steps in which something useful may be explained or defines in any cultural paradigm. While comparing the two arguments, it is a notable assumption that the two texts recognize the influence of culture anthropology. The two text define two important social requirements but in respect to culture. Generally, the two texts share the assumption that cultural beliefs shapes one perception in the

Principles of Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Principles of Accounting - Essay Example In simple terms accounting can be also referred to as â€Å"the language of business† because of its role that helped in recording and processing the financial information that the firm requires for management purpose (Mukherjee & Hanif, 2003; Galanza, 1995). The main purpose of accounting is to provide financial information that is required by an economic unit to enhance the efficiency of its operations. The tern economic entity not only signifies a business unit but also the entities that are operating without the purpose of profit-making like the public charities, clubs, churches and government bodies. The accounting information helps in decision making in the organization. For instance decision like availability of cash while going for purchasing of new equipments or whether the business is running in profit requires the knowledge of accounting information. This accounting information for a business unit is recorded by the accountant (Nobles, et al., 2012). Book keeping Me thod Book-keeping is referred to as the science and arts of recording business transactions and other financial transactions that are related to any institution, firm and associations of person or company. It is recorded in certain books at regular interval following certain definite rules. It is called as science because it represents certain systemized knowledge that are based on certain set of principles, which are followed throughout the process to ensure that the reason for recording the transaction can be explained carefully. On the other hand it is called arts since it involves the human ability and skill for recording the business transaction as per the principles (Kumar & Prasad, 1999). Scope The process of Book keeping involves two significant steps. Firstly the process involves recording of all the transaction in a book called journal. Secondly transferring all the transactions that were previously recorded into another book called as ledger. In order to know the net effe ct of all the transactions the various accounts that are recorded into the ledger are balanced. The main theme of book keeping is to prepare and maintain the records till the stage of preparation of Trial Balance (Rao, 2005). Importance Book-keeping serves as the foundation of the entire financial reporting and accounting process. The responsibility of book-keeper is to analyze and record all the financial transaction occurring in an organization. The sum total of all the transaction forms the basis of everything that includes grant proposals, cash forecast, budget, tax return and financial reports. The employees and other staff of an organization must understand the goal and mission of a non-profitable organization, in order to perform their jobs in an effective and professional way. This is particularly true for the accounting system. Each transaction that is being recorded while book-keeping is significant for the volunteers, donors, board members, management, community and emplo yees of the organization. Accurate information delivered in timely manner provides the stakeholders of the organization with the comment regarding the financial health of the organization.  

Impacts of Cyber Vandalism on the Internet Essay

Impacts of Cyber Vandalism on the Internet - Essay Example With intent to discuss the issue, this paper will cover the associated terms like administrative discretion, cybersecurity threats, and statutory protections for public employees.   In the legal context, the term discretion indicates the power to decide or act according to one’s own judgment. Some legal systems like the US allow certain discretionary powers to administrative authorities. To illustrate, US law system has framed some broad limits within which an administrative authority can operate. For instance, a statute confers discretion if it is reasonable and is in public interest. To define, the administrative discretion is the expertise of professional expertise and judgment as opposed to strict adherence to regulations or statutes, in making a decision or performing official acts or duties (The Free Dictionary). In other words, when a legal system permits an administrative authority to practice discretion, it is called administrative discretion. The discretionary powers are given to an administrative authority by statute or delegation. It has observed that, generally, broad discretionary powers are given to administrative agencies in order to e ffectively exercise their administrative authority. However, it is held that the discretionary power must not be vague or arbitrary, but it has to be in accordance with legal requirements. US Supreme Court stated that â€Å"an administrative agency enjoys wide discretion in ascertaining the best way to handle related, yet discrete issues in terms of procedures and priorities† (USLegal). Although the law imposes certain regulations on the administrative authorities in exercising their discretionary powers, it is often seen that their functions are not in line with law requirements.

Factors of Absenteeism and Impacts on Organizations

Factors of Absenteeism and Impacts on Organizations It create a big problem in an organisation when employees misses too many days off from work and in these situations other employees have to cover their work who are off from work and the work simply does not get gone in a well manner. The company must find out that the absence is involuntarily or voluntarily because involuntarily means any kind of illness or any unavoidable reason by which the employee is unable to come on work. Voluntarily means when an employee is absent from work without any reason manager need to worry about this kind of absence of employee need to get any documentation. Some time the absence may be excessive in this case manager should compare the employees attendance record with the other employees if the record of one employee is bad then the other means he was too many days off from work then it may be excessive absenteeism. So the manager should discuss all the matter to the employees very friendly to improve the performance of the company the employees must aware of this thing that their absence is affecting others. Manager should give a written notice to the employee who is absent too many days from the work to warn him/her Basically absenteeism occurs when an employee of any organisation does not come to work due to several intentional or unintentional reasons like illness, injury, or any other habitual reason. Absenteeism affects the business in the terms of lost productivity. According to U.S. bureau of the census and U.S. bureau of labour statistic up the direct losses about $40 billion a year and social security administration determined that, annually workers missed more then half a billion days. http://www.enotes.com/biz-encyclopedia/absenteeism Types of absence There are many reasons why people off from work. Some those can be categorised as: Short-range sickness absence (uncertificated, self-certificated, or covered by a doctors fit note which replaced the sick note from April 2010) Long-standing sickness absence Unofficial absence or persistent lateness Other absences:  for example,  annual leave; maternity, paternity, adoption, or parental leave; time off for public or trade union duties, or to care for dependents; compassionate leave; educational leave. How much does absenteeism cost your business? The workers which are absent from the work cost the business a lot and decrease the revenue of the business Especially unplanned absence from work cost a lots to business like casual sickness of employee casual absence can affect per day productivity of business. This is a common problem of organisations in every organisation employees have 5.4 unplanned absence in 1 day. According to Mercer,  Absences, the total cost of absence can equal as much as 36% of payroll (compared to 15.4% for health care coverage). Of that figure, 9% accounts for unplanned absences. Planned absences, like vacations and holidays, average 26.6%. For a midsize business, this unplanned absence can account for as much as $4.5 million dollars per year. (http://www.super-solutions.com/CostofAbsenteeism.asp) Employer of the business must look upon the direct and indirect expenses incurred by the employee absent from work. Direct cost are the cost which are normally paid to the employee as a benefit during the absence form work it include sick absence, paid holidays or vocations. But the real impact of the absence of employee comes in the form of indirect cost which are represented by: The absence of employee affect badly in the completion of any project or can slow it down If the employee us absent from worker the a temporary worker or the employees supervisor have to cover the work of the absent employee The absence of the employee slows but does not stop bleeding The replacement of employee is less efficient in an organisation it can be percentile as follow: 71% as efficient during unplanned incidental absences 79% as efficient during planned absences 80% as efficient during extended absences The work output of 4 to 8 co-workers was reduced by 19% Normally non attendance can cost as much as about  £1000 to business per employee every year one person is taking day off from work might be not seem like a big issue but when we add up the sum it cause the decrease in the productivity with the increased strain on other areas of the business. The fact is that it should not be taken lightly. What if you need to hire in a temporary worker to pick up the workload? What if someone who is covering the work needs to be paid overtime? What if their absence means a suggestion doesnt get in on time resulting in a lost contract? Indeed, absenteeism can take a financial toll in several companies for that matter in different respects. The most obvious cost in the sector of sick leave benefits provided that the business offers some benefits but there are many hidden costs as well. These are some hidden charges which cost to business in the case of absenteeism as follow: Lost productivity of the absent employee Overtime for other employees to fill in Decreased overall productivity of those employees Any temporary help costs incurred Possible loss of business or dissatisfied customers Problems with employee morale More over IHC estimates that 13.4 million working days a year are lost to stress, anxiety and depression, and 12.3 million to back and upper limb problems. And the overall cost to UK industry? A whopping  £11.5bn in 2002 was paid out in wages to absent employees and on additional overtime and temporary staff cover, according to the CBI. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3563609.stm Numerous factors Taking a one-off sick may not seem a problem to the employees in a organization but they all add up to a major cost to a organization as well a industry of any country So much so that according to a report by healthcare consultancy IHC, 40 million days are lost each year in the UK to workplace absenteeism. And 93% of employees was absent from work due to colds and flu IHC says that in reality at least half of all workplace absence has absolutely nothing whatsoever to do with health. People decide to stay away from the office personal or domestic issues. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3563609.stm Motivation Many employers attempt to clear out on unwarranted absenteeism through tighter control. They ask employees to attend a meeting with their supervisor straight away upon their return to work, they demand a note from a doctor or use some other ways that targets the symptoms of absenteeism rather than its underlying causes. But the problem remains the same because they must concentrate to cut the roots of the problem the only thing that must do is to motivate. They must start by creating a relaxing an secure environment in which to communicate must create a point one where the shop floor workers can meet management without any pressure n discuss the problem which they are facing . Employers must communicate it is very important task in motivation which tell the views and happiness of everyone in the business Performance = function (ability x motivation) There are number of different views of different people that what can motivate the workers. The most common theory of Herzberg is discussed follow: Motivational Theory: Herzbergs Two Factor Theory Herzberg found many aspects of that what factors please the employees or displease the employees about their work place. He developed the motivation hygiene theory in which he called the motivators and the dissatisfiers to using hygiene term in the sense of to maintenance factors which are very important to avoid dissatisfaction. Herzberg theory of motivation was based on two factors hygienic factors and motivator factors Hygiene Factors which can demotive when the employee is not present. Hygiene Factors influence the dissatisfaction of a person, but are rarely  identified as creating job satisfaction.   Supervision Interpersonal relations Physical working conditions Salary Company car Security Relation with subordinates Personal life Motivation Factors which will motivate when present.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Job dissatisfaction isnt  usually  caused by a lack of Motivation Factors, but they are  identified as the cause of job satisfaction. achievement advancement recognition responsibility work itself The factors that motivated them in the workplace These all are the factors that gave the employees an motivation to work to resultant in job satisfaction. These are also known as motivators these motivators increased the job satisfaction of the employee towards his work and further increase the efficiency Those factors that prevented job dissatisfaction These factors are those that banned the job dissatisfaction. These factors did not make the employee happy or have job satisfaction it just removed the un happiness out of working. They are also know as hygiene factors these factors effect on the efficiency of the employees or it reduce the performance of the employee in work Herzberg believed that all factors include into one of these categories and therefore had separate cost. Some factors include into both categories although they held a stronger position in one of them. Attribution theory Attribution theory suggests that we observe a persons behaviour and then try to establish whether internal or external forces caused it. If it is a judged to be internal it is seen as being under the persons control if it is judged to be external it seen as a result of the situation. Attribution is said to be subjected to a number if consideration because we judge actions in a context. For example we judge how distinctive behaviour is and whether behaviour is unusual for a particular person. If for example the person is absent from and the circumstances are that his or her attendance record is exemplary then the behaviour could be considered unusual and an external cause (that is that the behaviour is outside the control of the individual) will be attributed. If the absenteeism fits in with the general pattern of behaviour then an internal attribution will be attached (that is it will be seen as being under the persons control. We also judge how consistent the behaviour is if it is consistent then we are most likely to attribute the behaviour to internal causes. (Organisational Behaviour and Work 3rd edition Fiona M.Wilson 2010) Measurement HOW TO MEASURE ABSENTEEISM: The most clear way to measure employees absenteeism is to make records of the attendance of the employees that how many days have employee not have came to work in many companies there is some sort of clock in or accountability set up to record the attendance of the employees working there when we have the proper record then we can easily know that how many employees are ill. Another key element of measuring the absence effectively is accurate measurement and monitoring. An organisation must measure if it has a problem with the absence issue its extent and the best way to solve or control this issue. There are just a fewer organisations which have set the target to reduce the absenteeism There are different measures that can be used to calculate the absence each of the measure provides the different aspects of absence. Lost time rate This measure show the overall percentage of the total time available which has been lost due to the absence of the employees of organisation For example:   10 one-day absences: 10 x 10 x 10 = 1,000   1 ten-day absence: 1 x 1 x 10 = 10   5 two-day absences: 5 x 5 x 10 = 250   2 five-day absences: 2 x 2 x 10 = 40   The trigger points are normally different in many organisations. As for all types of absence, the underlying causes will need to be identified. This measure  shows the percentage of total time available which has been lost due to absence of employees: Total absence (hours or days) in the period  x 100   Possible total (hours or days) in the period   For example, if the total absence in the period is 124 person-hours and the total time available is 1,550 person-hours, the lost time rate is:   124  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   x 100 = 8 %   1,550   It can be calculated separately for individual departments of the organisation or groups of employees to reveal particular absence problems. Frequency rate    The measure access the average number of absences per employee, it access as a percentage. It does not give any sign of the length of each absence period, nor any sign of employees who take more than one spell of absence:   No of spells of absence in the period  x 100   No of employees   for example: If we take the record of organisation of one month so employed on average 80 workers, and during this time there were a total of 16 of them was absence, the frequency rate is:   16  x 100 = 20%   80   by counting the total number of workers who take at least one day absence in one period rather than the total days of absence this measurement will show the individual frequency rate Bradford Factor The Bradford Factor identifies the constant short range absence for individuals, by measuring the number of days of absence, and is therefore a useful measure of the disturbance by this type of absence. It can be calculated using the formula:   S x S x D S = number of absents in 52 weeks taken by an person   D = number of absents in 52 weeks taken by that person For example:   10 one-day absences: 10 x 10 x 10 = 1,000   1 ten-day absence: 1 x 1 x 10 = 10   5 two-day absences: 5 x 5 x 10 = 250   2 five-day absences: 2 x 2 x 10 = 40   the trigger points will be different for all of the organisations. As for all types of absence, the underlying causes will need to be identified. Steps to Control Unauthorized Absence There are different theories which explain the causes of the absence and by which we can realize that we cannot solve the casual absence issues and other types of absence but we need a comprehensive approach to reduce the issue of absenteeism. There are three steps on which the company or employers must concentrate to avoid or control the absenteeism Step 1: The employers must make a absence policy in an working order. Not only the absence policy but also they must use other systems to make sure the rules and regulations of the absenteeism policy are implemented to employees in well manner such as: We must train the manager about the cost of the absenteeism and how to overcome it Make an policy or more rules regards to reduce the money if the employees gone absent and communicate with them that how much money they have lost it will force them not to be absent without any reason but the most important thing we have to check the local legal regulation and policy before this method Must record the attendance of the employees and there should any kind of reward for the employee who was on work all the days in a period or who containing the maximum attendance let all the employees chose the winner for that We must make an absence policy align to the other policy specially which is related with the employees benefits. Such as we can create rules to not to give any kind of incentive or any loan to the employee whom attendance is not good Step 2: We must make sure the employment system and the selection system consider absence issue such as: The recruiter for employees should mention the medical and health conditions as an main concern We must make sure in interviews or in start that the candidate has an positive attitude towards the attendance importance It is very important to check not only for competency fit he must be checked for job fit which includes the interest and personality of the candidate according to the nature of the job Step 3: Some of the problem of absenteeism is related to the job problem. If there is any poor performance of any employee then we must take action: We must make the elastic working time arrangements like if employee have any kind of problem to go on Monday for domestic demands they can easily replace Monday to Saturday or any other day or if the employee attend the half day then he can work additional hours tomorrow to cover the missing hours We must put some interesting aspects in the job by enlarging the responsibilities by changing the nature of the job by making it challenging to the subordinates or by providing the additional trainings or coaching. What actions a manger should take for absence The important challenge for managers is to make people happier at work. This is a fact if the people are happy on the work then there will be less day off from work every time they wake up with a stuffy nose. Managers need to become more tuned to their employees they have to take care of several things like emotional needs and find out what really motivates them. To reduce the amount of absence they must take some good decisions: Pick the right person for job by interviewing and selecting people Give more time to or pay more attention to the applicants human side other then the qualifications. Find out what makes the employees happy and make sure about the views of them that they think positive and sure about it that job suits them Should motivate your people and coach them in different ways . As with all theories there is not even any guarantee that it will work very time but the majority employees are responsible people and if the we treat them in a good manner them they attitude towards the work will be positive manner. Mostly some of the employees need to know about their performance in the organisation if we want to really motivate them then we must give them the feedback and must guide them how they can improve their work more efficiently. Managers can make the job more interesting to employees by giving them the responsibilities, challenges, giving them new projects for work, or trainings. We should regularly communicate with them formally and informally and must involve or organize the staff meetings.

Susan Isaacss Critique of Ntozake Shanges Sassafrass, Cypress, and Indigo :: Sassafrass Cypress Indigo

Susan Isaacs's Critique of Ntozake Shange's Sassafrass, Cypress, and Indigo Susan Isaacs believes that Ntozake Shange's first novel, Sassafrass, Cypress & Indigo, is mildly entertaining and enjoyable, but her writing, "sometimes loses a thread and makes a mess" (395). Isaacs praises Shange's style, while finding fault with some of the techniques she employs. The main character that is introduced to the readers in Post Modern American Fiction's excerpt from Shange's novel, Sassafrass Cypress, and Indigo, is Indigo, the youngest of three daughters in the story. Indigo's character borders on the mystical. She has dolls she still talks to, and a fiddle that Sister Mary Louise, a friend of Indigo's, remarks, "Too much of the Holy Ghost came out of Indigo and that fiddle" (Shange, 44). One of Isaacs's criticisms has to do with Indigo's use of magic. Indigo is an avid fiddle player, she, "had mastered the hum of the dusk, the crescendoes of the cicadas, swamp rushes in light winds, thunder at high tide, and her mother's laughter down the hall" (Shange, 45). The technique of mixing magic and fiddle playing does not sit well with Isaacs, who states, "It's an intriguing idea, but it fails because although the author tries to present Indigo as a wise innocent, a mystical power, a joyous embodiment of the black spirit, the rhetoric of her musings is earthbound radical-feminist, predictable and silly..." Isaacs continues her criticism of the notion that Indigo has any magical abilities, and the use of magic as a story line and as a part of Indigo's character, saying, "And if Indigo's black magic is real,...How can she and her people-a people with such potent magic-tolerate the evils the author catalogues so movingly?" (396). Isaacs wonders about the reason for Indigo's magical, mystical qualities, and continues along this track, wondering if the magic might be a metaphor, a fantasy of Indigo's, or Shange's own portrayal of black folklore. Regardless of the intended portrayal of Indigo's magical qualities, Isaacs believes that, "it is not presented with enough clarity. The reader remains mildly fond of Indigo--people who talk to dolls can be enchanting--but it is nonetheless befuddled about her role in the novel" (394). Despite Isaacs' problems with the structure of the novel, and some of the devices and techniques Shange used in her character development, she does praise Shange as a novelist, comparing her art to weaving, a skill shared by both the mother and the eldest daughter in Sassafrass, Cypress, and Indigo.

How to Lie with Statistics

A Synopsis of How to Lie with Statistics by Darrell Huff When most people hear or read a statistic, they quickly have to decide if the numbers listed are valid or invalid. It is usually assumed that the author of the statistic is knowledgeable in the field to which the statistic pertains. However, on many occasions, the statistic is false, due to the author’s wording. Darrell Huff’s novel How to Lie with Statistics is a manual that can help individuals catch these lies. The novel allows readers to solve marketing ploys and dismiss certain statistics as faulty.The first chapter focuses on bias. The book states that all statistics are based on samples, and these samples have bias. This means that no matter what the reader will have a biased opinion. This bias is spawned from the respondents replying dishonesty, the author choosing a sample that gives better results, and the availability of data. Huff uses a survey of readership of two magazines, which had refuting results . This is because, due to the readers’ personal biases, they answered the survey dishonestly.This example closes the chapter, teaching readers to always assume that the sample has a bias. The second chapter focuses on averages. It states that there are actually three types of averages: mean, median, and mode. Mean is the arithmetic average. Median is the name given to the midpoint of the date. Finally, mode is the data point that occurs the most often in the data. Thus, the type of average used can alter the results of the statistics. The next chapter explains how sample data is chosen to prove certain results.Many marketing campaigns use this technique. They choose sample sizes that give their wanted results. Huff’s solution is that one must determine if the information is a discrete quantity or if a range is involved. The following chapter discusses errors in measurement. It explains two measures for measuring error: Probable Error and Standard Error. The probable er ror uses the error in the measuring device used to measure the error in the measurement. The standard error is the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of a statistic.Chapter five explains how to manipulate a graph in order to show the results one wants. For example, if one was using a line graph to show a 10% climb, they could remove the unused parts of the graph to make their results seem more extreme. The next chapter discusses how two-dimensional images can deceive readers. A picture may be increased in all dimensions, making it seem much larger than it really is, giving the impression of a greater increase. Chapter seven focuses on the semi-attached figure.Simply put, if one cannot prove what they wish to prove, they can merely prove something else and then give the impression that these two things are the same. Huff uses cold medicine as an example. A pharmacist wants the reader to believe that their medicine cures the cold, but instead the label reads that the medi cine kills 32, 132 cold germs. The pharmacist then hopes that the reader makes the assumption that because the medicine kills such a high number of germs, then it cures the cold. Huff is therefore teaching not to assume.The following chapter focuses on cause and effect. Huff stresses that readers must ask for when certain data was collected and if the amount of data was adequate for the entirety of the experiment. Chapter nine teachers readers how to ‘statisticulate’, meaning how to manipulate readers by using statistics. This chapter is essentially a list of what to look for when determining the validity of a statistic. Huff explains various tricks, such as measuring profit on a cost price and how income calculations mislead by using children of a family as the average.The final chapter instructs readers on how to talk back to a statistic. Huff emphasizes that readers must ask who the author his and how did he come to collect the knowledge listed in the statistic. Also , he encourages readers to question if someone changed the subject of the statistic. Finally, he explains that one must be able to understand the data presented, and if it does not make sense, then it is most likely untrue. Overall, Huff assists readers in how to determine if a statistic is valid or invalid. Though the book was published over fifty years ago, these methods are still in use.

Patellar Vs Hamstring Tendon Grafts Health And Social Care Essay

Long rubric: Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Grafts are a More Efficient Surgical Technique than Hamstringing Tendon Grafts in ACL Reconstruction Surgery Abstraction The paper compares the consequences of multiple published articles about the advantages and disadvantages between bone-patellar tendon-bone transplants and hamstring tendon transplants for the Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL ) . There is much difference on which surgical technique is the best pick. Biau, Tournoux, Katashian, Schranz, and Nizard ( 2006 ) suggest that bone-patellar tendon-bone transplants are still preferred because it offers better stableness over hamstring tendon transplants which have lower morbidity or complications after surgery. Research by Poolam, Farrokhyar, and Bhandari ( 2007 ) found grounds that agrees with Biau et Al. ( 2006 ) that hamstring tendon transplants consequence in decreased morbidity but showed consequences that weakens the grounds that bone-patellar tendon-bone transplants provide better stableness. However, many restrictions for this research subject exist. Some factors include sawboness with more expertness in one of the two techniques, grade of articulatio genus flexure, tenseness applied to the transplant at clip of arrested development, bone to cram versus sinew to cram healing, and rehabilitation. The quality and efficaciousness of each of the tests may be subjective so it is hard to come to a unequivocal decision. This paper will merely show and compare the findings of each of the research articles. The ACL is a really of import ligament which helps link the castanetss of the articulatio genus articulation and is the most often injured ligament of the articulatio genus ( Andrade, Cohen, Picarro, & A ; Silva, 2002 ) . The ACL provides stableness for the articulatio genus and decreases force per unit area on the articulatio genus articulation. It limits anterior interlingual rendition of the shinbone on a fixed thighbone. It besides limits rotational motions of the articulatio genus. A tear to the ACL consequences from pulling of this ligament normally due to a sudden halt and distortion of the articulatio genus or a force to the anterior articulatio genus ( Anderson, Hall, & A ; Martin, 2005 ) . The ligament can be torn partly or wholly. Normally surgery is required to mend a lacerate ACL. There are a figure of techniques to make so but the two most used techniques are the bone-patellar tendon-bone autoplasty, which use the in-between tierce of the patientaa‚Â ¬a„?s patellar sinew, and the hamstring sinew autoplasty, which uses portion of the patientaa‚Â ¬a„?s semitendinosus or gracilis sinew. It is debatable as to which technique yields the best consequences in concern with healing and chronic complications. Research by Aglietti, Giron, Buzzi, Biddau, & A ; Sasso ( 2004 ) was in favour of utilizing the patellar sinew for surgery and found that there was a tendency toward better stableness in the bone-patellar tendon-bone group became significant. A higher rate of articulatio genus instability in the hamstring sinew group was attributed to inadequate transplant arrested development. The patients that had the transplant fixed with a spiked washer and a cortical prison guard had stableness comparable with that of the bone-patellar tendon-bone group. Despite these differences, the consequences concluded that when accurate and proved surgical and rehabilitation techniques are used, both bone-patellar tendon-bone autoplasties and hamstring autoplasties are tantamount options for ACL Reconstruction. Although, with bone-patellar tendon-bone autoplasties, hurting with kneeling and reduced sensitiveness in the anterior articulatio genus was reported. Besides, there was a higher prevalence of femor al tunnel widening with hamstring tendon autoplasties. Harmonizing to Biau et Al. ( 2006 ) bone-patella-bone autoplasties are presently popular becauseAA they are thought to give a higher per centum of articulatio genus stableness with a higher rate of return to pre-injury athleticss. The most common ailment of this process is anterior articulatio genus hurting when kneeling. The consequences showed that hamstring tendon transplants typically have a faster recovery and less articulatio genuss pain with kneeling but may see a lessening in hamstring strength. An article by Andrade et Al. ( 2002 ) which favored bone-patellar tendon-bone autoplasties found that quadriceps strength was ever worse than the uninvolved leg. Thigh perimeter and hamstrings: quadriceps ratio and were besides well lower on the involved leg, 60 % , when compared to the uninvolved leg, 90 % . This damage was attributed to the usage of the patellar sinew for the surgical process because it causes harm and failing in the extensor mechanism of the articulatio genus. Feller, Siebold, & A ; Webster ( 2004 ) suggest that some writers believe ACL Reconstruction utilizing hamstring tendon autoplasties are non every bit good as bone-patellar tendon-bone autoplasties, while still others suggest that hamstring tendon autoplasties are preferred. However, their research found that both methods of ACL Reconstruction give satisfactory consequences but hamstring tendon autoplasties are associated with fewer symptoms, a greater return to pre-injury degree of activity, and higher quality of life tonss. Research by Poolman et Al. ( 2007 ) concluded by sensitiveness analysis that hamstring tendon autoplasties cut down anterior articulatio genus hurting and have lower morbidity. This decision is besides supported by Biau et Al. ( 2006 ) which found that patients who received hamstring sinew autoplasties reported fewer anterior articulatio genus symptoms and extensor failing than patients with a bone-patellar tendon-bone autoplasty. Zelle et Al. ( 2006 ) confirmed through the usage of corpses that ACL Reconstruction utilizing hamstring tendon autoplasties provide better anterior stableness than bone-patellar tendon-bone transplants. The research seems to demo that in the bulk of the instances, utilizing hamstring tendon autoplasties in ACL Reconstruction surgery may be a more efficient surgical technique than bone-patellar tendon-bone autoplasties in some instances. Although the research has been done, bone-patellar tendon-bone autoplasties are the more popular and often used process. Some believe in biological advantages like mending from sinew to cram in hamstring tendon autoplasties takes longer to mend than bone to cram in bone-patellar tendon-bone autoplasties ( Aglietti et al. , 2004 ) . Another ground may be because hamstring tendon autoplasties are a newer technique and the sawbones is more comfy and has more experience with other techniques. A successful recovery depends on more than which surgical process was used. Complications can happen and non every surgery has the same consequences as the following. Even though much of the research tends to be nonreversible, it is hard to do an accurate determination on which process is more efficient in footings of stableness and morbidity, particularly with so many different variables to see. Aglietti et Al. ( 2004 ) stated that it is non possible to clearly demo that one transplant is better than the other. The pick of the transplant should be made on the patientaa‚Â ¬a„?s penchants and on the surgical technique in which the sawbones is skilled. It is more likely that the quality of surgical technique, transplant arrested development, and rehabilitation are more of import than the transplant pick in ACL Reconstruction.